Inside Saudi Arabia’s AI Ambition: Tareq Amin on Building a New Tech Superpower

Summary

Tareq Amin, CEO of Humain, discusses Saudi Arabia’s ambitious AI infrastructure initiative in this interview at an All-In event. Amin, who was born in Jordan and previously worked in Tokyo and ran a subsidiary of Aramco, describes how he was called to meet with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to discuss accelerating Saudi Arabia’s AI development. This meeting led to the creation of Humain, a well-funded company focused on the entire AI value chain including data centers, foundational models, enterprise applications, and venture investments.

The conversation explores Saudi Arabia’s unique advantages in the global AI race: abundant energy resources, a young and educated population (many with PhDs from Stanford, MIT, Harvard, and Oxford who have returned home), and Vision 2030’s rallying effect on society. Amin argues that outside of the US and China, Saudi Arabia has a legitimate shot at becoming the third-largest country in AI infrastructure, positioning itself to serve 4.4 billion people within fiber latency tolerance.

David Sacks provides geopolitical context, explaining the strategic importance of the US-Saudi relationship dating back to 1945 and arguing that restricting AI technology exports to allied nations like Saudi Arabia only pushes them toward Chinese alternatives like Huawei. The interview highlights Humain’s partnerships with AMD, Nvidia, Qualcomm, and Groq, including a deployment of 19,000 Groq chips serving 130 countries with only 5% of traffic coming from Saudi Arabia itself.

Highlights

”It took Aramco 9 months to deploy AI infrastructure”

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“One of the biggest surprises I had is lack of AI infrastructure. It took them 9 months from the process of purchase order, export control process, deployment, installation. That means we have hindered a company to really achieve its objectives by 9 months.” — Tareq Amin, 3:24

”His royal highness wants to meet with you”

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“Last year during my birthday, I get a call and it was really a strange number. It says it was from the royal court and it said his royal highness wants to meet with you. I said okay what did I do?” — Tareq Amin, 4:45

”Lead the world through energy exports via tokens”

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“Maybe Saudi Arabia today led the world in energy exports via oil. We should look at an opportunity to lead the world through energy exports via tokens.” — Tareq Amin, 15:03

”40 PhD scientists from Stanford, MIT, Harvard, Oxford”

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“I have 40 PhD scientists today in my team. I sometimes honestly when I sit with them I said I’m really maybe I don’t have enough credentials to sit with you guys in the room.” — Tareq Amin, 16:46

”I learned innovation in US, scale in India, precision in Japan, optimism in Saudi”

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“I learned innovation here in the US. When I moved to India, I learned scale. When I moved to Japan, I learned precision and quality. You come to Saudi Arabia and I’m learning optimism and vision truly.” — Tareq Amin, 20:40

”It’s binary: American technology or Chinese technology”

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“Saudi Arabia is going to have data centers. Is that going to be American technology or Chinese technology? It’s basically going to be our companies or it’s going to be Huawei. It’s binary.” — David Sacks, 25:23

Key Points

• Humain’s Origin (4:45) - Tareq received a birthday call from the royal court to meet with MBS for an “AI brainstorming” session that was actually about unifying fragmented AI efforts
• Infrastructure Gap (3:47) - Even Aramco took 9 months to deploy AI infrastructure due to export controls and bureaucracy
• Saudi Arabia as Third Largest (14:28) - Outside US and China, Tareq believes Saudi can become the third largest country in AI infrastructure
• Energy to Tokens (15:05) - Saudi Arabia should transition from leading world in oil energy exports to leading in “energy exports via tokens”
• Arabic-First Foundation Model (9:23) - Humain built a foundation model from scratch trained with Arabic as first preference, now the #1 app in Saudi’s app store
• 40 PhD Scientists (16:49) - Humain has 40 PhD scientists graduated from Stanford, MIT, Harvard, and Oxford
• Humain One Platform (12:05) - Launching an “AI operating system for the enterprise” with intent-driven, multi-agent orchestration
• Groq Partnership (28:06) - Deployed 19,000 Groq chips serving 130 countries, with only 5% traffic from Saudi Arabia
• 4.4 Billion People Reach (27:30) - Within fiber latency tolerance for responsive inferencing, Saudi can serve 4.4 billion people
• Vision 2030 Unity (19:09) - Everyone from taxi drivers to government officials is aligned with the Vision 2030 mission
• US-Saudi Relationship Since 1945 (24:09) - Dating back to FDR meeting King Ibn Saud on a battleship, establishing security for oil
• Binary Choice (25:37) - Sacks argues it’s a binary choice: American technology or Chinese technology (Huawei)
• Lessons From Different Countries (20:55) - Tareq learned innovation in US, scale in India, precision and quality in Japan, optimism and vision in Saudi Arabia
• Humain Launched Before Trump Visit (22:14) - Strategically launched Humain before President Trump’s visit to Saudi to signal US alignment

Mentions

Companies

• Humain (2:58) - Saudi AI company Tareq leads, focused on full AI value chain
• Aramco (3:31) - Saudi oil company where Tareq previously ran a digital subsidiary
• AWS (7:00) - Partnering with Humain on cloud infrastructure
• Google/GCP (7:00) - Cloud partnership with Humain
• Azure/Microsoft (7:02) - Mentioned as US cloud provider option
• OpenAI (11:03) - In discussions with Humain for partnerships
• Anthropic (11:07) - Used “a lot” for Humain’s AI coding tools
• Groq (22:53) - US startup partnering with Humain, 19,000 chips deployed
• Nvidia (22:56) - Semiconductor partnership with Humain
• AMD (22:49) - Semiconductor partnership with Humain
• Qualcomm (22:58) - Edge computing partnership with Humain
• Huawei (25:37) - Chinese alternative if US restricts technology
• SMIC (26:42) - Chinese semiconductor manufacturer advancing rapidly
• Cambricon (26:40) - Chinese AI chip company
• Oracle (12:23) - Legacy enterprise software mentioned
• SAP (12:24) - Legacy enterprise software mentioned

Products & Technologies

• Humain Chat (9:25) - Arabic-first AI chatbot, #1 app in Saudi app store
• Humain One (12:05) - AI operating system for enterprise with multi-agent orchestration
• Vision 2030 (19:24) - Saudi Arabia’s national transformation initiative
• Golden Visas (15:55) - Program to attract talent to Saudi Arabia

People

• Tareq Amin (0:00) - CEO of Humain, born in Amman Jordan, previously worked in Tokyo
• Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) (5:17) - Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia who initiated Humain
• David Sacks (23:55) - Discussed US-Saudi relationship and traveled with President Trump to Middle East
• Jason Calacanis (0:39) - Hosting Foundry University in Riyadh November 3-5
• Dylan Patel (26:45) - From SemiAnalysis, report on China making millions of chips
• FDR (24:22) - US President who met with King Ibn Saud in 1945
• King Ibn Saud (24:19) - Founder of Saudi Arabia who met with FDR
• President Trump (22:21) - Visited Saudi Arabia; Humain strategically launched before visit

Surprising Quotes

“Maybe Saudi Arabia today led the world in energy exports via oil. We should look at an opportunity to lead the world through energy exports via tokens.” — 15:05

“I have 40 PhD scientists today in my team. I sometimes honestly when I sit with them I said I’m really maybe I don’t have enough credentials to sit with you guys in the room.” — 16:49

“Saudi Arabia is going to have data centers. Is that going to be American technology or Chinese technology? It’s basically going to be our companies or it’s going to be Huawei. It’s binary.” — 25:26

“I learned innovation here [US]. When I moved to India, I learned scale. When I moved to Japan, I learned precision and quality. You come to Saudi Arabia and I’m learning optimism and vision truly.” — 20:55

“130 countries are using now this inferencing cluster. 5% of the traffic from Saudi, the rest is from abroad.” — 28:23

Transcript

0:02 I believe connectivity is a human right. I felt that this is a great opportunity to really build and enable a country like Saudi Arabia that has incredible potential and capability to really build a digital champion and a digital hub for the region. This is the first time I landed in a place where I feel I’m home.

0:39 So, I’ve been spending a lot more time in the Middle East in the region. It’s changing so dramatically year after year. And I’m going to be, I announced on the podcast two weeks ago, I’ll be doing Foundry University in Riyadh, November 3rd, 4th, and 5th. And I’m really excited to partner with such a dynamic country. Maybe you could fill us in on what’s changed over the last 5 years in the region.

1:07 Well, thank you very much. First of all, I must say it’s the first time I did an event that’s only 45 minutes away from my home. My flight from Riyadh obviously was 23 hours but just to give you some context, I was born in Amman Jordan before coming to the US to finish my studies and progress in my life and my career. So I moved from Tokyo to Saudi Arabia, but this is the first time I ever worked in the region.

1:40 And I didn’t know what to expect, you know. Sometimes it depends on your perspective on how you look at the world. You know, I wanted to really discover and understand everything I used to hear under the massive opportunity of transformation and the diversification on the economy. My first observation really started with discovery of how amazing the people were in terms of hospitality. I really felt like I’m back home. It felt very very different feeling to me.

2:12 The second thing the population is awfully young and hungry and hungry for new things and new advancements. So to me it was really a pleasant surprise because what I was really worried about and what everybody keeps talking about - maybe Tareq has done great things in his life but talent and opportunity may be a big challenge in his new venture - and it was remarkable in every aspect whether you look at the government side in terms of society, the transformation has changed dramatically.

2:51 It’s really an area that I feel the opportunity is remarkable and the embracement of the society towards looking at the future in which digital and AI is fundamental to their transformation.

2:58 Tareq, can you maybe explain what Humain is and how it came to be because it was sort of an evolution, right? Yeah, I mean for you to know, I’ll tell you we take things for granted in the US to a certain extent. Let’s assume you’re a startup here and you want to access compute. It’s as simple as obviously going to a hyperscaler and within 30 seconds you’re ready to go.

3:24 So this story is fascinating because my first discovery in the role I was in at the time - I was hired to really run a subsidiary of Aramco, a new company that was intended to diversify out of its core business in which digital AI was a really core component of it. One of the biggest surprises I had is lack of AI infrastructure. I mean I did not know that the ability for startups and companies to access AI infrastructure is a challenge.

3:56 I mean it took - look how large Aramco is - took them 9 months from the process of purchase order, export control process, deployment, installation. That means we have hindered a company to really achieve its objectives by 9 months. So that was the first opportunity that I saw that we need to address in the country.

4:18 I tell you the story because this is how the Humain story started. So I started meeting with several ministers in the country. I told them I see nothing but opportunity. I see something that the country could really do and participate at a global space. I think we have an abundance of land, an abundance of power, amazing connectivity, and an opportunity to really participate in the digital infrastructure.

4:45 So last year during my birthday, I get a call and it was like really a strange number. So I answered it. It says it was from the royal court and it said his royal highness wants to meet with you. I said okay what did I do? You know it was a - so anyway we all came in, I said what’s the topic? The topic was AI brainstorming and this was the first time I had the opportunity to meet his royal highness.

5:17 Muhammad bin Salman. Yeah. And let me tell you it was not about brainstorming. It was about really addressing what the country needs to do to accelerate, to address some of the fragmentation that exist. And the idea and the concept of Humain is in order for us to really accelerate our development, let us now bring public and private entity combined and take AI investments, projects, initiatives and put them under one umbrella company that is really focused on the entire AI total value chain.

5:55 So honestly in that meeting I could tell you it took about 10 minutes to come to realization that the opportunity is massive. But we need to really unite the fragmented effort and put our energy to address the basics.

6:09 And you were given a pretty large balance sheet to do this with. Yeah. I mean look, to start with as you know, building infrastructure is not necessarily a small task. So to do this and to participate and to make an impact you need to be very well funded. So you know even though we call Humain as a startup but it’s actually a very well-funded startup between our data center segment, our models team, applications, and also our ventures that we will soon have in the United States.

6:45 It’s a very well-funded company that I’m feeling really comfortable about the opportunities that we could capture between capital, people, talent and partnerships. So should we think about this as - we live in a world as you said when you’re back home here in the US there’s AWS there’s GCP there’s Azure, it’s just simple straightforward but the rest of the world a little bit more complicated. Do you see Humain being that competitive alternative for the rest of the world? Is that how it starts?

7:14 Well I think look at it in certain areas we partner really well and all of them are colleagues and friends. I mean I’ve known the CEOs of these companies really well through my tenure in Japan and India. But I will tell you I think many companies do not see the Middle East the way I see it today and they don’t understand the requirements and the needs of what we have to do to build the depth and the talent.

7:40 So I see in certain areas great partnerships and in certain other areas I think that we will be a compelling alternative but it doesn’t mean that we don’t partner. So certainly when you see now the partnerships that we announced with the likes of AWS and Google, clearly I want to see the companies invest in addressing the lack of infrastructure that I saw. So a portion of what we do today will be built on things with our own technology and a portion will be done also with partnerships with the hyperscalers.

8:14 And give us the lay of the land from the foundational model side - the OpenAIs, the Anthropics, the Groqs. How is that moving? How do you work with them? How do you make sure that everybody can get access to the latest models?

8:27 So a couple of things we have done. And look, for people in this audience that have participated on building a foundation model, it’s not trivial and it’s not easy. One of the acquisitions that has happened in Humain - and this is where I was really really surprised to see the depth of science team I have today in Humain. I mean this is the first comment I get in my social post to say yes you have capital but there’s no people, no talent.

8:56 So we ended up building a foundation model and I’ll tell you the reason we did this. We built it from the scratch. It was not distilled of any open-source tool. Well, for two reasons. I just wanted to see - let’s venture into this to understand the depth and the capability of the organization. Second thing when it comes to culture, language and biases, I felt that it’s important for us to really participate in this arena.

9:23 So we launched in Saudi Arabia what we call Humain Chat. I just wanted to see the reaction from the people that uses this model and the whole objective of it. Arabic first preference is the way we train this model, not English first preference.

9:38 Just on that, you see huge differences in how the foundational models process and digest data? I think for us and any model that is used today, quality of data is always much better than I think just feeding quantity of data. Our model today has a proprietary set of data in Arabic language that you cannot find on the public internet.

10:05 So we had a proprietary data set that was important and obviously within the Arabic language the government today uses all its correspondence, transactions, translations in Arabic. So the preference of training first in Arabic is very different than you starting in English and then you add to it the Arabic components. So we built that, we launched it, it actually now became the number one app in the app store in the country.

10:30 It rallied really an important thing for us and I want to be really specific that we didn’t do this to say we’re better than OpenAI or we’re better than X or better than that. It was important for us to train the team on understanding how to build the entire stack. It’s really really critical and I would tell you there’s nothing else I would do different than the last nine months in building this foundation model.

10:57 We have great partnerships today with discussions with OpenAI. Anthropic we use a lot for our AI coding tool. So I see this is not an option of use this or that. I think we are trying to formulate a strategy on the model but I will tell you where we differentiate - hugely differentiate.

11:18 I think we have found the answer that I hear everybody talking about. I am a huge believer that AI is not into a bubble and the reason I believe in this - I think we are one of the few companies that have found true value realization and this is really a mind-blowing story.

11:39 When I took on the role for Humain, I had an option to say how do you run a large enterprise? Do you run it the same old way where you have legacy systems in play, you have hundreds of IT tools that do the job for finance, legal, HR, cyber security or you do something different? What we have differentiated on while I’m excited about the model is what we build on top of the model.

12:03 So we will launch in October this year a platform we call Humain One. It is truly the AI operating system for the enterprise. Imagine the era - I believe Windows was embedded in 1981. We all got taught that you use icons on the desktop. If you want to take a vacation, you go to Success Factor or other HR tool. If you want finance, go to Oracle, SAP. If you want something else, there’s another tool, another application, another icon.

12:29 Well, now we change this enterprise world. We’re really intent driven system, multi-agent orchestration system and its impact is unreal - what has happened in driving true value realization. At least in my company I could tell you it is remarkable the efficiencies now that we have derived out of changing these legacy systems.

12:53 And maybe the biggest challenge that I had had nothing to do with the technology - nothing. And this is maybe my own personal opinion about the struggles that companies are going to go through as they embrace AI into their operation. And it’s the mindset, mentality, culture, organization. It’s underestimated effort. So yeah, between the model of what we build, but I’m more excited about what we have on top of the model.

13:15 Let me ask you a pointed question. You’re in Saudi, there’s an enormous amount of energy, almost a surfeit of energy. Do you have this unfair advantage where if you need a vast amount of energy to throw at a compute problem, do you effectively get it for free or do you have to pay for it as well?

13:34 No, of course not. I mean, look, even though it might seem like - I wish I could get it for free. That would change my business model dramatically. So when I took this role, I think one of the key things I said, look, what can we really compete and what can we do to offer to the world something that the world desperately needs today.

13:58 I think everybody in this room maybe realizes we are really just at the beginning of what I would call the AI inferencing world. While the model training will continue to evolve, but now as we move into accelerated compute, I think the demand is going to become much larger than it exists today. So how do we - and what’s the challenge? The challenge is really simple: power. How do you really find power?

14:22 So that’s where I think Saudi Arabia has a big role to participate. And I was bullish enough to tell the world - I said outside of the United States, outside of China, I really think Saudi Arabia has a good shot to be the third largest country in infrastructure.

14:38 So we have to go through processes to secure power from the ministry of energy through the local electric company. I am treated as fairly as any other entity that comes to the country. My rates, my tariff is equivalent to what Google would get, to what AWS get. But however, the energy generation that exists in Saudi Arabia is just remarkable.

15:03 I mean, what I told many people - maybe Saudi Arabia today led the world in energy exports via oil. We should look at an opportunity to lead the world through energy exports via tokens. And that’s really a key area that I think we could differentiate - the energy infrastructure.

15:18 Let’s talk a little bit about the talent pool there. This was shocking to me when I got there, but so many of the young people even up to Gen X, our generation, have been educated in the west. In fact, the woman who we are in partnership with with Sonable has an MBA from Stanford and Oxford and all these incredible schools and they’ve all come back after these incredible scholarships that are given by the country.

15:47 Talk about the talent that has come back to Saudi and the application level and Golden Visas as well - just how open they are to having companies set up shop there. And there’s a bit of a competition is there not between Doha, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Riyadh, Bahrain - there’s a really great competition that’s emerging for talent and you’ve got the entire country, all the nationals very engaged in starting companies.

16:16 Yeah, so I mean this is such an important point because I think this is a key fact that people don’t realize yet. I didn’t. Yeah. The if you look at it, 30 years ago, the investment and the strategy for Saudi Arabia to send many of their citizens abroad across the world to pursue degrees is really paying off in a really large way.

16:46 Again back into the example I mentioned about my models team - I have 40 PhD scientists today in my team. I sometimes honestly when I sit with them I said I’m really maybe I don’t have enough credentials to sit with you guys in the room but they’re graduated from - yes some for PhD from Stanford, MIT, Harvard, Oxford - from anywhere that you want. They really have obtained now the foundation knowledge to really take to that next step.

17:15 Now, when you talk about competition, I mean, the beauty - when they graduated, was it that they were thinking about staying in the US, getting an OPT, staying, or was it this pull to go back and say, “Okay, we’re now trained. Let’s go back and help our mother country.” What is the motivation of this?

17:32 I think there’s a couple things that happened. I mean, this is my own view and I talked to my colleagues in Saudi Arabia. I really think that they had a sense of responsibility to take in the build process of what tomorrow is going to look like. I would have done the same if I was in their shoes. I would have went back and really helped into this build process.

17:55 So they learned a lot and mostly from I would say United States and UK and now they all came back looking at the opportunity because the inflection point has happened. If you look at the fast-paced transformation, it’s an opportunity I don’t think they want to miss. It’s really changing rapidly.

18:15 How much of that maybe is a desire to work in the era of MBS and maybe you can use that as a jumping off point to tell us what is it like to work with this person that’s young and beloved?

18:24 So, a couple of things. I mean, look, I’ll tell you my honest opinion. First of all the first meeting that we had with him - key observation and takeaway - his vision blew my mind. I don’t think I have seen someone with such a bold vision towards what the future looks like. His responsibility to the citizens of Saudi and the diversification and the transformation initiatives that are happening is second to none. It’s really really incredible.

18:54 Actually I was delayed yesterday. I was supposed to be here, but the man doesn’t sleep really. I mean, he’s on all the time thinking about initiatives that needs to be done and fast-tracking them. So, everybody now is really rallied.

19:11 If you go into Saudi Arabia today, one thing that is surprising - you take a taxi cab or you go to a hotel or you talk to a government official - everybody is intertwined with the Vision 2030 mission. Everybody. So this is something that rallied the society around an idea and the idea has incredible merits.

19:33 And is it both the old and the young? It’s - I mean what I’m seeing now across the board even when I talk to the older generation or the younger generation, this mentality shift transformation has happened. Now I’m not representing everybody, I’m telling you the segments I’m interacting with. I see nothing but optimism but you guys know very well better than me.

19:55 This is such a key point. That was what I took away from when I started spending time there over 3 years. I saw the change every year. The enthusiasm level reminded me of New York and San Francisco in the ’90s, early 2000s. The opportunity to build anything. The culture was on fire. You’ve got movies and cinemas coming back and all this great stuff happening.

20:18 And they’re so engaged and they want to learn how to build businesses. And they’ve got this real, you know, the 2030 mark has inspired everybody to think, well, what’s possible? We have this incredible energy business. Sure. But as they explained it to me, we can take that energy business and over the next 5, 10, 20 years, we can transform this entire region and be a global leader. And it’s really inspiring.

20:40 And to add to your point, look back into your question about competition. This is really interesting. You see, there’s a lot I have learned and I owe a lot for what I learned in the US. Quite a bit. I learned innovation here. When I moved to India, I learned scale. When I moved to Japan, I learned precision and quality. You come to Saudi Arabia and I’m learning optimism and vision truly. And hopeful.

21:08 I find it to be really remarkable. I mean, I’m living there almost full-time. And what I have done - if you come to Humain office today, in my opinion it is no different than a Silicon Valley office. Not at all. So I encourage you come visit, see Humain from the basics of the basics - how the building layout is, how the open office design is to remove barriers and thoughts and mentalities. And I want now really my team has to become product creator, not just a reseller. So that’s very important.

21:45 Tareq, as you are building your infrastructure, there’s supply chain and strategic partnerships and relationships that I’m sure emerge here in the United States, but also in China. And Saudi Arabia seems to be in this really kind of interesting position as a large energy supplier, as a large partner in capital and now in building that could create tension between the rivalry, the global rivalry between the US and China.

22:08 How do you think about managing each of those two markets and how you establish relationships and where do you align yourself?

22:14 So if you see how Humain was launched - and I wish I could take a small credit for this - but I’ve asked for one thing before President Trump came to visit Saudi Arabia: we should please launch the company 3 p.m. because we wanted to ensure that the alignment that we are going after - we’re going after really where the innovation is, the talent that exists, the infrastructure that exists.

22:41 And let’s be really realistic and truthful - today the US is leading especially on the semiconductor side and we don’t want to miss this opportunity. So if you see our partnership that we have done with AMD, with a startup called Groq, Nvidia, Qualcomm - it shows you clearly our commitment to this relationship and partnership. And it’s really deep not only on the silicon side but the same thing you’re going to hear very soon on the AI and the software application.

23:10 And that’s why Humain to succeed really needs deeper engagement relationship. I spend a lot of time with startups in the US and as long as - to be very honest with you - the hope and the optimism I have, and David and the team has been doing really a great job with this, is our ability to say we understand very very well the concerns that one might have.

23:35 But if you see about my partners that we have selected - from software layer in the cloud to manage tenant management to the security on the data center to make sure that these servers are secured - we will do everything that is required with the optimism that Humain will be thought through as a trusted supplier for the US.

23:55 David Sacks, how important is the American and the kingdom’s relationship globally and for humanity in terms of the president’s agenda and his prioritization?

24:09 Well, it’s been a critical relationship for the US and for Saudi Arabia since I think 1945, if not before, when the founder of Saudi Arabia, the King Ibn Saud met with our president, our king so to speak, FDR on a battleship and they hammered out the foundation of the modern world which is the US would provide security for the region in exchange for the steady flow of crude.

24:36 And that you know - FDR did that on his way back from Yalta and people don’t know as much about that as they do the Yalta meeting but that was a very important understanding and then the relationship’s evolved over the last 80 years.

24:46 But what I can tell you - I went with the president on the trip in May to the Middle East and number one like you said the business culture in Saudi Arabia is very Americanized. Many of the Saudi elite have studied in the US. Second they want to have a good relationship and a partnership with the United States - there’s nothing competitive at all about that relationship.

25:08 And third, when it comes to high-tech and AI, they want to be part of our technology ecosystem. When I got back to Washington, I was really surprised at how controversial it was that we wanted to do business with the Gulf States and Saudi Arabia in particular.

25:23 The way I see it is very simple. Saudi Arabia is going to have data centers. Of course, every sovereign country that can afford them is going to have data centers. Is that going to be American technology or Chinese technology? It’s basically going to be our companies or it’s going to be Huawei. It’s binary. And why would we want to push any country into the arms of Huawei?

25:43 Especially when their preference is to work with America. Well, I think it’s especially for two reasons. One is the proximity that that region has to 4 billion people. Because if you think about building data centers, ultimately inferences, there’s a certain window of time and you have to be under several hundred milliseconds. But if you do that and you draw that radius, you’re counting half the world’s population. We can’t strategically ignore that. Otherwise, you’ll be forced to do it with somebody else.

26:10 We’ll let Tareq talk in a second, but just I think that these restrictions on the region, they were placed in October of 2023. And at the time by previous administration, at the time that happened, it was justified on the grounds that the US was the only game in town. We were the only ones who could really make advanced semiconductors. So therefore, we could impose whatever restrictions we wanted. Nobody would have a choice.

26:31 But since then, if you’re reading the headlines over the past few months, it’s all been about Huawei, Cambricon, SMIC. China is rapidly advancing. Dylan Patel from SemiAnalysis just had a report. By next year, China is going to be making millions of chips. Admittedly, they’re not as good as American chips.

26:52 But if we deny the rest of the world the ability to participate in the American tech stack, then they will participate in the Chinese tech stack. And I think the question of what we sell to China will always be a complicated question for obvious reasons. But when it comes to the Middle East and the rest of the world, I think it should be an easy question that as long as these countries are abiding by our security requirements and they want to be partners and allies of the United States, we should allow them into the American tech ecosystem because otherwise we’re just creating a Huawei belt and road.

27:22 Maybe one important thing. We got approval last year and this is a really really important case study for you. When we looked at our business model, actually the number we use is exactly 4.4 billion. We could reach within the tolerance of fiber latency that inferencing would become really still ultra responsive.

27:49 We got approval after a few months on a startup in the US and this is a classic example. I mean you could really validate what I’m going to tell you now. We supported this US startup - look at where they are now today and what their valuation post engagement with us.

28:03 So we picked at that time for inferencing Groq because I thought it was really an interesting startup that could help us democratize the cost of inferencing out of the data center that we have deployed this in. We have about 19,000 of their chips deployed overnight.

28:23 130 countries are using now this inferencing cluster. 5% of the traffic from Saudi, the rest is from abroad. Why? Because we’re able to offer differentiated inferencing costs and we offer to the world.

28:37 Now keep in mind what we also did for security guarantees. We said Groq cloud, you manage this. So now I don’t have to worry about KYC requirement. You follow US rules. What I care about is I have revenue that I participate in. And it was really a win-win for both of us. And I hope we’ll repeat the same thing with the deployment that we’re doing with Nvidia and AMD and then something really really exciting that we’re going to do with Qualcomm on the edge as well.

29:04 Thank you so much for joining us and see you at Amadori. Thank you very much. Thank you. Appreciate it.